Sail, mast and rig for sailing boats and sailing vessels



July 14,1931. in. KRUSSAND 1,813,937

SAIL, MAST, AND RIG FOR SAILING BOATS AND SAILING VESSELS Filed May 29, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet l T G N U VFW m 7: I W O K o o O JUUfi/ZZE flamd lira 5mm July 14, 1931. D. KRUSS AND 1,313,937 7 SAIL, MAST, AND RIG FOR SAILING BOATS AND SAILING VESSBIJS Filed May 29, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented July 14, 1931 UNITED STATES DANIEL KRUSSAND, OF OSLO, NORWAY SAIL, MAST AND RIG FOR SAILING BOATS AND SAILING VESSELS Application filed May 29, 1929, Serial No. 366,785, and in Norway May 24, 1928.

The present invention relates to an improvement which will reduce the resistance ofthe mast and rigging, and the interference between mast and main sail, increase 5 the driving force, and aflord a better balance of the sail area, and a more effective position of the sail both when the vessel is heelid 1over and when it is riding on an even In a known arrangement for sailing ships and boats, the mast comprises two spaced pillars, with the sail mounted between the two pillars composing the mast. My present invention employs this twin pillar structure of mast, but presents certain novel improvements over the known art in the matter of shiftably supporting the main sail and its yard and boom crosswise of the was "sel to obtain certain advantages hereinafter pointed out.

My improvements are illustrated in the ac companying drawings, wherein Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a vessel havingrmy improved rigging mounted thereon.

" ig. 2 is a top plan view of Fig. 1.

. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation showing the yard and boom drawn over to the same side.

Fig. 4 is a rear view of the rigging and sail seen from astern with the hull heeled over to port as the wind comes in from starboard, and the yard pulled to windward, and the boom slipped to leeward.

Fig. 5 is aview similar to Fig. 4 but showing 'hull heeled over to the other side as the wind comes in from port, and the yard, boom and main sail shown in the opposite positions to those shown in Fig. 4. i Fig. 6 is a detail of the sliding connection of the sail yard to a guide boom secured to and extending between the two pillars of the mast.

Fi 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 showing a sliding connection of the sail boom to a guide boom mounted on the deck.

Fig. 8 is a detail view showinga pivotal coupling between the sail boom and the jib sprit.

Fig. 9 is a detail view showing a pivotal mounting of the lower ends of the mast pillars by which the latter can be folded down.

Fig. 10 is a'detail view showing a doubleeye clip connecting the yard guide boom to the pillars of the mast.

Fig. 11 is a detail view showing a clip 'slidingly connecting the jib sprit to a curved guide boom on the forecastle.

Fig; 12 isa cross section on the line 12'12 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a top plan view of Fig.-12.

Fig. 14 is a detail View showing back stays laterally supporting the jib sprit on the main sail boom.

Referring to the drawings, A and B designate the two pillars of the main mast which,

and B as by clamp collars C and D; the

truss barC serving to stiffen and strengthen the mast just above the point where the yard is slidably supported by the mast. The upper ends of the pillars A and B converge and meet in a union S, in which latter the tackle R for hoisting and lowering the sails is mounted.

The pillars A and B serve as supports for an upwardly bowed guide boom J, best shown in Figs.4 and 5, which is attached. at its ends to the mast pillars A and B as by the double-eye clips Q shown in detail in Fig. 10, said clips being slidable along both the boom J and the mast pillars A and B. N designates the main sail, and P 'desig-' nates its yard, which latter is slidingly connected to and supported from the guide boom J by an eye bolt M, as shown in detail in Fig. 6, whereby the yard and upper end of the sail can be shifted along the guide boom J by rope and pulley tackles R.

G designates the boom of the main sail N, and K the sprit 0r jib boom, these two being flexibly connected at their adjacent ends as by a. coupling Z shown in detail in Fig. 8," that is connected to boom G by a pivot bolt Z. To support and guide the boom G in the same manner as the yard P is supported and guided, there is provided a downwardly bowed guide boom F mounted on and between posts F on the deck of the vessel, as best shown in Figs. 4c and 5. The boom G is slidingly mounted on the guide boom F by an eye bolt M, 'as shown in the detail view, Fig. 7. These are shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Each tackle R has a block fastened to the guide boom J and another block fastened to the yard'P, and the rope from said tackle extends down to the deck where it continues through a block fastened to the end of the lower guide boom F and a block fastened to the main sail boom G,

and after the rope is tightened it is fastened to the end of the lower guide boom F.

The above described 'mountingof the yard and boom make it possible to move the yard and the boom independently crosswise of the vessel, as clearly shown in Figs. 3, 4: and 5. Under sailing, with a side wind, the yard P is first hauled to the windward'by said tackle. The boom G has, of course, slid to lee and the rope is therefore fastened first at the windward side. After this is done, the corresponding rope at the leeward side is tightened and fastened. With this arrangement the boom G will always slide to lee when going about. The boom G slides to lee with considerable power, since the power from the large sail area near the boom G is transmitted to the latter. The wind will at the same time try to press the yard P to lee, but since there is but a small area of the canvas near the yard, there is but little power transmitted to the yard. The upper guide boom J is bowed upwardly, and the lower guide boom F is bowed downwardly, on a common center midway between said guide booms, whereby the sail is maintained taut in all adjusted positions.

The advantages of the above described arrangement are, that with the sail close hauled or with a side wind it is possible to move the yard P to windward and let the boom G slide more or less to lee in order that the sail area may offer the best position (vertical surface) to the wind independently of the heeling of the vessel, as graphically illustrated in Figs. 4: and 5; and, with a fair wind, to move the yard F and the boom G both to windward, as graphically illustrated in Fig. 3, so that the area of the sail, when filled with wind, is distributed proportionately on'both sides of the longitudinal center line of the vessel, all with the purpose and advantage of obtaining better driving force and reducing the resistance of the helm.

As above mentioned, to the front end of the boom 'G is connected the jib sprit K by the coupling Z near the guide boom F, in such "a manner that the sprit K can bend somewhat to the sides, being supported by back stays H, H to the boom G, as indicated in Fig. lat, and also can be moved at right angles upwards. This jib sprit K near its front end is slidingly connected to the curved guide boom L by means of the sliding clip or trolley K, clearly shown in detail in Figs. 11, 12 and 13. Ropes V, V connect the ends of the guide boom L to the mast pillars A and B (Fig. 2).

The sheet U for the jib O is led through a block Y fastened to the boom G and, on either side of the block Y, through similar guide blocks on the deck, whereby the sheet of the jib is partially maneuvered in connection with the maneuvering of the main sail M, the sheet of the latter being shown at T.

The sail hoisting and lowering tackle It comprises a pulley that is suspended from the union S and a pair of ropes that are fastened at one end to the boom J near the ends of the latter and extend over the pulley and thence down to the deck where they may be anchored to the posts W, as shown in Figs. 3, 4L and 5. And since the upper end of the jib O is connected to the yard P, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, both the main sail N and the jib O are hoisted and lowered simultaneously.

At E I have indicated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 a miz zen mast and at E a mizzen sail mounted thereon, said mizzen sail, when employed, being preferably mounted and ma nipulated by means identical with those :p'reviously described in connection with the main mast and sail.

A further, advantage of the described structure resides inth'e' fact that the total sail area represented by the areas of the main sail N and the jib 0, divided by a line from the connection l to the connection M, results in a somewhat smaller area at the front and a somewhat larger area at the back of said line, which causes a moderate pull on the sheet T of the mainsail, and therefore makes the maneuvering of thesails easier. At the same time, the yard P and the boom G will always be adjusted at substantially equal angles to the longitudinal cen'terline' of the vessel.

I claim: v

1. In a mast, rig and sail equipment for sailing boats and vessels, the combination of a mast formed by spaced twin pillars, an upper guide boom secured to and between said pillarsnear their upper. ends, a lower guide boom, and a sail having its yard slidingly supported on said upper guide boom and its boom slidingly supported on said lower guide boom.

2. A combination as recited in claim ,1 wherein the upper guide boom is bowed upwardly and the lower guide boom is bowed downwardly, both on arcs having-a common DANIEL KRUSSAND. 

